NOAA's National Ocean Service (NOS) works to observe, understand, and manage our nation's coastal and marine resources. NOS measures and predicts coastal and ocean phenomena, protects large areas of the oceans, works to ensure safe navigation, and provides tools and information to protect and restore coastal and marine resources. The NOS Data Explorer serves as a portal to obtain NOS spatial data. Data Explorer offers interactive mapping tools that allow users to locate NOS products in any area in the United States and its territories through a metadata catalog. Search results provide users with metadata records and links to websites with additional information. Specific data sets are available to view and download. http://nosdataexplorer.noaa.gov/nosdataexplorer/ This study was based on the sediment quality triad (SQT) approach. A stratified probabilistic sampling design was utilized to characterize the San Francisco Bay system in terms of chemical contamination, sediment toxicity (Microtox, amphipod bioassays; sea urchin gamete bioassay; and P450 biomarker) and benthic infaunal community structure. The purpose was to define the extent and magnitude of toxicity and other biological effects associated with contaminants in the San Francisco estuary system from the delta to the south Bay and out to the Golden Gate. This file contains data measured in the San Francisco Bay Estuary in 2000 and 2001. Samples were collected for water and sediment analyses. http://nsandt.noaa.gov 20080818 The NOAA Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP) products are part of the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics program, a nationally standardized database of land cover and change information, for the coastal regions of the U.S. C-CAP products inventory coastal intertidal areas, wetlands, and adjacent uplands with the goal of monitoring changes in these habitats, on a one-to-five year repeat cycle.  The timeframe for the metadata is reported as 1996-Era, 2001-Era, or 2006-Era, but the actual dates of the landsat imagery used to create the land cover may have been acquired a few years before or after each era.  These maps are developed utilizing Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery, and can be used to track changes in the landscape through time. This trend information gives important feedback to managers on the success or failure of management policies and programs and aid in developing a scientific understanding of the Earth system and its response to natural and human-induced changes. This understanding allows for the prediction of impacts due to these changes and the assessment of their cumulative effects, helping coastal resource managers make more informed regional decisions. This is a parent metadata record for this region. More detailed metadata is available at the dataset level. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/landcover 20080718 The NOAA Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP) products are part of the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics program, a nationally standardized database of land cover and change information, for the coastal regions of the U.S. C-CAP products inventory coastal intertidal areas, wetlands, and adjacent uplands with the goal of monitoring changes in these habitats, on a one-to-five year repeat cycle.  The timeframe for the metadata is reported as 1996-Era, 2001-Era, or 2006-Era, but the actual dates of the landsat imagery used to create the land cover may have been acquired a few years before or after each era.  These maps are developed utilizing Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery, and can be used to track changes in the landscape through time. This trend information gives important feedback to managers on the success or failure of management policies and programs and aid in developing a scientific understanding of the Earth system and its response to natural and human-induced changes. This understanding allows for the prediction of impacts due to these changes and the assessment of their cumulative effects, helping coastal resource managers make more informed regional decisions. This is a parent metadata record for this region. More detailed metadata is available at the dataset level. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/landcover 20080718 The NOAA Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP) products are part of the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics program, a nationally standardized database of land cover and change information, for the coastal regions of the U.S. C-CAP products inventory coastal intertidal areas, wetlands, and adjacent uplands with the goal of monitoring changes in these habitats, on a one-to-five year repeat cycle.  The timeframe for the metadata is reported as 1996-Era, 2001-Era, or 2006-Era, but the actual dates of the landsat imagery used to create the land cover may have been acquired a few years before or after each era.  These maps are developed utilizing Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery, and can be used to track changes in the landscape through time. This trend information gives important feedback to managers on the success or failure of management policies and programs and aid in developing a scientific understanding of the Earth system and its response to natural and human-induced changes. This understanding allows for the prediction of impacts due to these changes and the assessment of their cumulative effects, helping coastal resource managers make more informed regional decisions. This is a parent metadata record for this region. More detailed metadata is available at the dataset level. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/landcover 20080718 The NOAA Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP) products are part of the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics program, a nationally standardized database of land cover and change information, for the coastal regions of the U.S. C-CAP products inventory coastal intertidal areas, wetlands, and adjacent uplands with the goal of monitoring changes in these habitats, on a one-to-five year repeat cycle.  The timeframe for the metadata is reported as 1996-Era, 2001-Era, or 2006-Era, but the actual dates of the landsat imagery used to create the land cover may have been acquired a few years before or after each era.  These maps are developed utilizing Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery, and can be used to track changes in the landscape through time. This trend information gives important feedback to managers on the success or failure of management policies and programs and aid in developing a scientific understanding of the Earth system and its response to natural and human-induced changes. This understanding allows for the prediction of impacts due to these changes and the assessment of their cumulative effects, helping coastal resource managers make more informed regional decisions. This is a parent metadata record for this region. More detailed metadata is available at the dataset level. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/landcover 20080718 The NOAA Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP) products are part of the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics program, a nationally standardized database of land cover and change information, for the coastal regions of the U.S. C-CAP products inventory coastal intertidal areas, wetlands, and adjacent uplands with the goal of monitoring changes in these habitats, on a one-to-five year repeat cycle.  The timeframe for the metadata is reported as 1996-Era, 2001-Era, or 2006-Era, but the actual dates of the landsat imagery used to create the land cover may have been acquired a few years before or after each era.  These maps are developed utilizing Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery, and can be used to track changes in the landscape through time. This trend information gives important feedback to managers on the success or failure of management policies and programs and aid in developing a scientific understanding of the Earth system and its response to natural and human-induced changes. This understanding allows for the prediction of impacts due to these changes and the assessment of their cumulative effects, helping coastal resource managers make more informed regional decisions. This is a parent metadata record for this region. More detailed metadata is available at the dataset level. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/landcover 20080718 The NOAA Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP) products are part of the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics program,a nationally standardized database of land cover and change information, for the coastal regions of the U.S. C-CAP products inventory coastal intertidal areas, wetlands, and adjacent uplands with the goal of monitoring changes in these habitats, on a one-to-five year repeat cycle.  The timeframe for the metadata is reported as 1996-Era, 2001-Era, or 2006-Era, but the actual dates of the landsat imagery used to create the land cover may have been acquired a few years before or after each era.  These maps are developed utilizing Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery, and can be used to track changes in the landscape through time. This trend information gives important feedback to managers on the success or failure of management policies and programs and aid in developing a scientific understanding of the Earth system and its response to natural and human-induced changes. This understanding allows for the prediction of impacts due to these changes and the assessment of their cumulative effects, helping coastal resource managers make more informed regional decisions. This is a parent metadata record for this region. More detailed metadata is available at the dataset level. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/landcover 20080718 The NOAA Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP) products are part of the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics program, a nationally standardized database of land cover and change information, for the coastal regions of the U.S. C-CAP products inventory coastal intertidal areas, wetlands, and adjacent uplands with the goal of monitoring changes in these habitats, on a one-to-five year repeat cycle. The timeframe for the metadata is reported as 1996-Era, 2001-Era, or 2006-Era, but the actual dates of the landsat imagery used to create the land cover may have been acquired a few years before or after each era.  These maps are developed utilizing Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery, and can be used to track changes in the landscape through time. This trend information gives important feedback to managers on the success or failure of management policies and programs and aid in developing a scientific understanding of the Earth system and its response to natural and human-induced changes. This understanding allows for the prediction of impacts due to these changes and the assessment of their cumulative effects, helping coastal resource managers make more informed regional decisions. This is a parent metadata record for this region. More detailed metadata is available at the dataset level. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/landcover 20080718 The NOAA Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP) products are part of the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics program, a nationally standardized database of land cover and change information, for the coastal regions of the U.S. C-CAP products inventory coastal intertidal areas, wetlands, and adjacent uplands with the goal of monitoring changes in these habitats, on a one-to-five year repeat cycle.  The timeframe for the metadata is reported as 1996-Era, 2001-Era, or 2006-Era, but the actual dates of the landsat imagery used to create the land cover may have been acquired a few years before or after each era.  These maps are developed utilizing Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery, and can be used to track changes in the landscape through time. This trend information gives important feedback to managers on the success or failure of management policies and programs and aid in developing a scientific understanding of the Earth system and its response to natural and human-induced changes. This understanding allows for the prediction of impacts due to these changes and the assessment of their cumulative effects, helping coastal resource managers make more informed regional decisions. This is a parent metadata record for this region. More detailed metadata is available at the dataset level. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/landcover 20080718 The NOAA Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP) products are part of the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics program, a nationally standardized database of land cover and change information, for the coastal regions of the U.S. C-CAP products inventory coastal intertidal areas, wetlands, and adjacent uplands with the goal of monitoring changes in these habitats, on a one-to-five year repeat cycle.  The timeframe for the metadata is reported as 1996-Era, 2001-Era, or 2006-Era, but the actual dates of the landsat imagery used to create the land cover may have been acquired a few years before or after each era.  These maps are developed utilizing Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery, and can be used to track changes in the landscape through time. This trend information gives important feedback to managers on the success or failure of management policies and programs and aid in developing a scientific understanding of the Earth system and its response to natural and human-induced changes. This understanding allows for the prediction of impacts due to these changes and the assessment of their cumulative effects, helping coastal resource managers make more informed regional decisions. This is a parent metadata record for this region. More detailed metadata is available at the dataset level. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/landcover 20080718 The NOAA Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP) products are part of the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics program, a nationally standardized database of land cover and change information, for the coastal regions of the U.S. C-CAP products inventory coastal intertidal areas, wetlands, and adjacent uplands with the goal of monitoring changes in these habitats, on a one-to-five year repeat cycle.  The timeframe for the metadata is reported as 1996-Era, 2001-Era, or 2006-Era, but the actual dates of the landsat imagery used to create the land cover may have been acquired a few years before or after each era.  These maps are developed utilizing Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery, and can be used to track changes in the landscape through time. This trend information gives important feedback to managers on the success or failure of management policies and programs and aid in developing a scientific understanding of the Earth system and its response to natural and human-induced changes. This understanding allows for the prediction of impacts due to these changes and the assessment of their cumulative effects, helping coastal resource managers make more informed regional decisions. This is a parent metadata record for this region. More detailed metadata is available at the dataset level. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/landcover 20080718 The NOAA Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP) products are part of the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics program, a nationally standardized database of land cover and change information, for the coastal regions of the U.S. C-CAP products inventory coastal intertidal areas, wetlands, and adjacent uplands with the goal of monitoring changes in these habitats, on a one-to-five year repeat cycle.  The timeframe for the metadata is reported as 1996-Era, 2001-Era, or 2006-Era, but the actual dates of the landsat imagery used to create the land cover may have been acquired a few years before or after each era.  These maps are developed utilizing Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery, and can be used to track changes in the landscape through time. This trend information gives important feedback to managers on the success or failure of management policies and programs and aid in developing a scientific understanding of the Earth system and its response to natural and human-induced changes. This understanding allows for the prediction of impacts due to these changes and the assessment of their cumulative effects, helping coastal resource managers make more informed regional decisions. This is a parent metadata record for this region. More detailed metadata is available at the dataset level. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/landcover 20080718 The NOAA Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP) products are part of the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics program, a nationally standardized database of land cover and change information, for the coastal regions of the U.S. C-CAP products inventory coastal intertidal areas, wetlands, and adjacent uplands with the goal of monitoring changes in these habitats, on a one-to-five year repeat cycle.  The timeframe for the metadata is reported as 1996-Era, 2001-Era, or 2006-Era, but the actual dates of the landsat imagery used to create the land cover may have been acquired a few years before or after each era.  These maps are developed utilizing Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery, and can be used to track changes in the landscape through time. This trend information gives important feedback to managers on the success or failure of management policies and programs and aid in developing a scientific understanding of the Earth system and its response to natural and human-induced changes. This understanding allows for the prediction of impacts due to these changes and the assessment of their cumulative effects, helping coastal resource managers make more informed regional decisions. This is a parent metadata record for this region. More detailed metadata is available at the dataset level. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/landcover 20080718 The NOAA Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP) products are part of the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics program, a nationally standardized database of land cover and change information, for the coastal regions of the U.S. C-CAP products inventory coastal intertidal areas, wetlands, and adjacent uplands with the goal of monitoring changes in these habitats, on a one-to-five year repeat cycle.  The timeframe for the metadata is reported as 1996-Era, 2001-Era, or 2006-Era, but the actual dates of the landsat imagery used to create the land cover may have been acquired a few years before or after each era.  hese maps are developed utilizing Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery, and can be used to track changes in the landscape through time. This trend information gives important feedback to managers on the success or failure of management policies and programs and aid in developing a scientific understanding of the Earth system and its response to natural and human-induced changes. This understanding allows for the prediction of impacts due to these changes and the assessment of their cumulative effects, helping coastal resource managers make more informed regional decisions. This is a parent metadata record for this region. More detailed metadata is available at the dataset level. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/landcover 20080718 The NOAA Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP) products are part of the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics program, a nationally standardized database of land cover and change information, for the coastal regions of the U.S. C-CAP products inventory coastal intertidal areas, wetlands, and adjacent uplands with the goal of monitoring changes in these habitats, on a one-to-five year repeat cycle.  The timeframe for the metadata is reported as 1996-Era, 2001-Era, or 2006-Era, but the actual dates of the landsat imagery used to create the land cover may have been acquired a few years before or after each era.  These maps are developed utilizing Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery, and can be used to track changes in the landscape through time. This trend information gives important feedback to managers on the success or failure of management policies and programs and aid in developing a scientific understanding of the Earth system and its response to natural and human-induced changes. This understanding allows for the prediction of impacts due to these changes and the assessment of their cumulative effects, helping coastal resource managers make more informed regional decisions. This is a parent metadata record for this region. More detailed metadata is available at the dataset level. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/landcover 20080718 The NOAA Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP) products are part of the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics program, a nationally standardized database of land cover and change information, for the coastal regions of the U.S. C-CAP products inventory coastal intertidal areas, wetlands, and adjacent uplands with the goal of monitoring changes in these habitats, on a one-to-five year repeat cycle.  The timeframe for the metadata is reported as 1996-Era, 2001-Era, or 2006-Era, but the actual dates of the landsat imagery used to create the land cover may have been acquired a few years before or after each era.  These maps are developed utilizing Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery, and can be used to track changes in the landscape through time. This trend information gives important feedback to managers on the success or failure of management policies and programs and aid in developing a scientific understanding of the Earth system and its response to natural and human-induced changes. This understanding allows for the prediction of impacts due to these changes and the assessment of their cumulative effects, helping coastal resource managers make more informed regional decisions. This is a parent metadata record for this region. More detailed metadata is available at the dataset level. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/landcover 20080718 The NOAA Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP) products are part of the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics program, a nationally standardized database of land cover and change information, for the coastal regions of the U.S. C-CAP products inventory coastal intertidal areas, wetlands, and adjacent uplands with the goal of monitoring changes in these habitats, on a one-to-five year repeat cycle.  The timeframe for the metadata is reported as 1996-Era, 2001-Era, or 2006-Era, but the actual dates of the landsat imagery used to create the land cover may have been acquired a few years before or after each era.  These maps are developed utilizing Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery, and can be used to track changes in the landscape through time. This trend information gives important feedback to managers on the success or failure of management policies and programs and aid in developing a scientific understanding of the Earth system and its response to natural and human-induced changes. This understanding allows for the prediction of impacts due to these changes and the assessment of their cumulative effects, helping coastal resource managers make more informed regional decisions. This is a parent metadata record for this region. More detailed metadata is available at the dataset level. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/landcover 20080718 The NOAA Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP) products are part of the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics program, a nationally standardized database of land cover and change information, for the coastal regions of the U.S. C-CAP products inventory coastal intertidal areas, wetlands, and adjacent uplands with the goal of monitoring changes in these habitats, on a one-to-five year repeat cycle.  The timeframe for the metadata is reported as 1996-Era, 2001-Era, or 2006-Era, but the actual dates of the landsat imagery used to create the land cover may have been acquired a few years before or after each era.  These maps are developed utilizing Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery, and can be used to track changes in the landscape through time. This trend information gives important feedback to managers on the success or failure of management policies and programs and aid in developing a scientific understanding of the Earth system and its response to natural and human-induced changes. This understanding allows for the prediction of impacts due to these changes and the assessment of their cumulative effects, helping coastal resource managers make more informed regional decisions. This is a parent metadata record for this region. More detailed metadata is available at the dataset level. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/landcover 20070718 The NOAA Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP) products are part of the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics program, a nationally standardized database of land cover and change information, for the coastal regions of the U.S. C-CAP products inventory coastal intertidal areas, wetlands, and adjacent uplands with the goal of monitoring changes in these habitats, on a one-to-five year repeat cycle.  The timeframe for the metadata is reported as 1996-Era, 2001-Era, or 2006-Era, but the actual dates of the landsat imagery used to create the land cover may have been acquired a few years before or after each era.  These maps are developed utilizing Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery, and can be used to track changes in the landscape through time. This trend information gives important feedback to managers on the success or failure of management policies and programs and aid in developing a scientific understanding of the Earth system and its response to natural and human-induced changes. This understanding allows for the prediction of impacts due to these changes and the assessment of their cumulative effects, helping coastal resource managers make more informed regional decisions. This is a parent metadata record for this region. More detailed metadata is available at the dataset level. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/landcover 20080718 The NOAA Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP) products are part of the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics program, a nationally standardized database of land cover and change information, for the coastal regions of the U.S. C-CAP products inventory coastal intertidal areas, wetlands, and adjacent uplands with the goal of monitoring changes in these habitats, on a one-to-five year repeat cycle. The timeframe for the metadata is reported as 2001-Era, but the actual dates of the landsat imagery used to create the land cover may have been acquired a few years before or after each era. These maps are developed utilizing Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery, and can be used to track changes in the landscape through time. This trend information gives important feedback to managers on the success or failure of management policies and programs and aid in developing a scientific understanding of the Earth system and its response to natural and human-induced changes. This understanding allows for the prediction of impacts due to these changes and the assessment of their cumulative effects, helping coastal resource managers make more informed regional decisions. This is a parent metadata record for this region. More detailed metadata is available at the dataset level. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/landcover 20080627 The toxicity of sediments in Biscayne Bay and many adjoining tributaries was determined as part of a bioeffects assessments program managed by NOAA's National Status and Trends Program. Biscayne Bay was selected by NOAA for this survey because data from the NS&T Mussel Watch Program and data from previous surveys of the bay had shown a potential for toxicity and other adverse biological effects. In addition, no bay-wide information had been generated on the toxicological condition of the bay sediments and several agencies had indicated a need for this type of data and a willingness to assist NOAA in collecting them. The study area was defined as extending from Dumbfoundling Bay at the north end to Little Card Sound at the south end, seaward to the barrier islands or reef, and landward to the shoreline or saltwater control structures. This area was determined to encompass a total of 484 kilometers of the sea floor. During 1995 and 1996, 226 samples were collected from randomly-chosen locations and tested for toxicity and analyzed for chemical concentrations. Data from these tests and analyses are included in the report. Samples for benthic community analyses were collected at one-third of the stations; however, data from those analyses are not included in the report but are available from NOAA's online database http://nbi.noaa.gov/mapBiscaynebay.aspx. The survey was designed to characterize sediment quality throughout the greater Biscayne Bay area. Surficial sediment samples were collected during 1995 and 1996 from 226 randomly-chosen locations throughout nine major regions. Laboratory toxicity tests were performed as indicators of potential ecotoxicological effects in sediments. A battery of tests was performed to generate information from different phases (components) of the sediments. Tests were selected to represent a range in toxicological endpoints from acute to chronic sublethal responses. Toxicological tests were conducted to measure: reduced survival of adult amphipods exposed to solid-phase sediments; impaired fertilization success and abnormal morphological development in gametes and embryos, respectively, of sea urchins exposed to pore waters; reduced metabolic activity of a marine bioluminescent bacteria exposed to organic solvent extracts; induction of a cytochrome P-450 reporter gene system in exposures to solvent extracts; and reduced reproductive success in marine copepods exposed to solid-phase sediments. The full report is available online at http://www8.nos.noaa.gov/cit/nsandt/download/documents/BI1/BI1_report.pdf http://nsandt.noaa.gov 20080502 This study was based on the sediment quality triad (SQT) approach. The purpose was to define the extent and magnitude of contamination and biological effects associated with contaminants in the Massachusetts/Cape Cod Bays, Stellwagen Bank, and Boston Harbor. A stratified probabilistic sampling design was utilized to characterize the systems in terms of chemical contamination and benthic infaunal community structure. In addition, samples were taken in the vicinity of the new Boston sewage outfall in Massachusetts Bay and in Boston Harbor where the sewage outfall used to discharge. Toxicity bioassays were not done. A secondary objective was to coordinate with the NOAA NMFS to collect sediment and fish tissue samples at previously sampled Benthic Surveillance Program sites. This file contains sediment and water data measured in all areas sampled in 2004. http://nsandt.noaa.gov 20080505 The toxicity of sediments in Sabine Lake, Texas, and adjoining Intracoastal Waterway canals was determined as part of bioeffects assessment studies managed by NOAA's National Status and Trends Program. The study area encompassed all of Sabine Lake, portions of the Sabine River, portions of the Neches River, portions of the Neches-Sabine Canal at the confluence of the two rivers, portions of Sabine Pass channel entrance, and an area in the Gulf of Mexico near the entrance channel. A stratified-random sampling design similar to those used in previous surveys conducted nationwide by NOAA was applied in Sabine Lake. The study area was subdivided into 22 irregular-shaped strata. Strata established within channels were further subdivided into three substrata to improve spatial coverage. Only one location each was sampled within each substratum, whereas three locations were sampled in each of the larger undivided strata. Surficial sediment samples were collected during August, 1995 from 66 randomly-chosen locations. Laboratory toxicity tests were performed as indicators of potential ecotoxicological effects in sediments. A battery of tests was performed to generate information from different phases (components) of the sediments. Tests were selected to represent a range in toxicological endpoints from acute to chronic sublethal responses. Toxicological tests were conducted to measure: reduced survival of adult amphipods exposed to solid-phase sediments; impaired fertilization success and abnormal morphological development in gametes and embryos, respectively, of sea urchins exposed to pore waters; reduced metabolic activity of a marine bioluminescent bacteria exposed to organic solvent extracts; and induction of a cytochrome P-450 reporter gene system in exposures to solvent extracts of the sediments. Chemical analyses were performed on portions of each sample to quantify the concentrations of trace metals, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, and chlorinated organic compounds. Correlation analyses were conducted to determine the relationships between measures of toxicity and concentrations of potentially toxic substances in the samples. The full report is available online at http://www8.nos.noaa.gov/cit/nsandt/download/documents/SAL/SAL_report.pdf http://nsandt.noaa.gov 20080502 LiDAR data collection was performed utilizing a Leica ALS-50 sensor, collecting multiple return x, y, and z data as well as intensity data. LiDAR data was processed to achieve a bare ground surface, and was delivered in LAS format. Classified LAS data was also used as a base for collection of hydro features, delivered in MicroStation v8 format. The dates of collection are: 1. JASPER COUNTY (full county): 20061227 to 20070216 2. COLLETON COUNTY (full county: 20070216 to 20070323 3. CHARLESTON COUNTY (Partial County): 20070222 to 20070223 http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ldart 20080512 The Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) LAS dataset is a survey of select areas within Southwest Florida. These data were produced for the Southwest Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD). The Carter Creek LiDAR Survey project area consists of approximately 26 square miles and is located in Highlands County. The LiDAR point cloud was flown at a density sufficient to support a maximum final post spacing of 4 for unobscured areas. 3001 Inc. acquired 60 flightlines between February 6, 2006 and February 7, 2006. The data was divided into 5000' by 5000' foot cells that serve as the tiling scheme. The Carter Creek LiDAR Survey was collected under the guidance of a Professional Mapper/Surveyor. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ldart 20080512 This data set is one component of a digital terrain model (DTM) for Hampton Tract, Polk County, Florida encompassing approximately 43 square miles. This dataset is comprised of 48 LiDAR files, based on the DISTRICT 5,000' by 5,000' sheet index system (17951-17958, 18114-18121, 18363-18370, 18526-18533, 18259-18266 and 18594-18601) in the LAS file format. The raw data was collected at an average ground sample distance of 1-meter. Other components of the DTM include: 3-D breaklines along hydrographic features in the Shape file format; lake/pond polygons (in 3D) in the shape file format; obscured area polygons (in 2D) in the Shape file format; and hard/soft breaklines (in 3D) in the Shape file format. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ldart 20080512 This metadata document describes the collection and processing of topographic elevation point data derived from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IfSAR) measurement for coastal Southern California. Collection consists of topographic elevations from the California counties of Santa Barbara, Ventura, Los Angeles, Orange, and San Diego, and the hydrologic units within those counties that drain to the Pacific Ocean along with offshore islands within the Channel Islands. The resulting data include (1) Digital Elevation Model (DEM), (2) Raw magnitude radar reflectance data, and (3) Height Variance data. The data is first surface return (vegetation is in the dataset) X-band IfSAR with three meter point spacing and approximately one meter vertical accuracy in non-vegetated areas. The data is available in three vertical datums, NAVD88, GRS80 and NGVD29. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ldart 20071206 This data set is one component of a digital terrain model (DTM) for Judy Tract, Polk County, Florida encompassing approximately 12.6 square miles. This dataset is comprised of 14 LiDAR files, based on the DISTRICT 5,000' by 5,000' sheet index system (17632-17636, 17795-17799, and 17959-17962) in the LAS file format. The raw data was collected at an average ground sample distance of 1-meter. Other components of the DTM include a personal Geodatabase containing: obscured vegetation polygons; road overpass polygons; road breaklines; soft feature breaklines; water body polygons; coastal shorelines; 1-foot contours; hydrographic feature breaklines, and island polygons in accordance with the SWFWMD 2006 Topographic Database Design. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ldart 20080512 The Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) LAS dataset is a survey of select areas within Southwest Florida. These data were produced for the Southwest Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD). This metadata record describes the ortho & LIDAR mapping of Lake Hancock, in Polk County, FL. The mapping consists of LIDAR data collection, contour generation, and production of natural color orthophotography with a 1ft pixel using imagery collected with a Wild RC-30 Aerial Camera. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ldart 20080512 This data set is one component of a digital terrain model (DTM) for Lake Wales, Polk County, Florida encompassing approximately 10.75 square miles. This dataset is comprised of 12 LiDAR files, based on the DISTRICT 5,000' by 5,000' sheet index system (22365-22367, 22528-22530, 22691-22693 and 22854-22856) in the LAS file format. The raw data was collected at an average ground sample distance of 1-meter. Other components of the DTM include: 3-D breaklines along hydrographic features in the Shape file format; lake/pond polygons (in 3D) in the shape file format; obscured area polygons (in 2D) in the Shape file format; and hard/soft breaklines (in 3D) in the Shape file format. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ldart 20080512 The Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) LAS dataset is a survey of select areas within Southwest Florida. These data were produced for the Southwest Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD). The Manatee and Little Manatee LiDAR Survey project area consists of approximately 176 square miles. This data set falls in a portion of Hillsborough and Manatee counties. The LiDAR point cloud was flown at a density sufficient to support a maximum final post spacing of 6 feet for unobscured areas. 3001 inc. acquired 97 flightlines between April 3-11, 2005. The data was divided into 5000' by 5000' foot cells that serve as the tiling scheme. The Little Manatee LiDAR Survey was collected under the guidance of a Professional Mapper/Surveyor. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ldart 20080512 This data set is one component of a digital terrain model (DTM) for the Southwest Florida Water Management District's FY2006 Digital Orthophoto (B089) and LiDAR Project (L470/L471), encompassing approximately 1,216 square miles across Citrus and Sumter counties. The 2006 LiDAR dataset is comprised of 3-D mass points delivered in the LAS file format based on the District's 5,000' by 5,000' grid (1,356 cells). The other DTM component is 2-D and 3-D breakline features in the ESRI ArcGIS Personal Geodatabase format. In accordance with the 2006 SWFWMD Topographic Database Design, the following breakline features are contained within the database: closed water bodies (lakes, reservoirs, etc) as 3-D polygons; linear hydrographic features (streams, canals, swales, embankments, etc) as 3-D breaklines; coastal shorelines as 3-D linear features; edge of pavement road features as 3-D breaklines; soft features (ridges, valleys, etc.) as 3-D breaklines; obscured vegetation polygons as 2-D polygons; overpasses and bridges as 3-D breaklines; 1-foot contours for visualization purposes; and island features as 3-D polygons. This data falls in Citrus and Sumter Counties. Intensity values or the measure of reflectance of the laser are also captured. Breakline features were captured to develop a hydrologically correct DTM. Contours (1-foot) were generated from the DTM that meet the National Map Accuracy Standards for 2-foot contours (FEMA specifications). Bare earth LiDAR mass point data display a vertical accuracy of at least 0.3-feet root mean square error (RMSE) in open unobscured areas http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ldart 20080512 This metadata record describes the ortho & lidar mapping of Pasco County, FL. The mapping consists of lidar data collected using a Leica ALS-40 Lidar Sensor, contour generation, and production of natural color orthophotography with a 30-cm GSD using imagery collected with a Leica ADS-40 Aerial Digital Camera. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ldart 20080512 The Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) LAS dataset is a survey of select areas within Southwest Florida. These data were produced for the Southwest Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD). The Peace River South LiDAR (P692) Survey project area consists of approximately 1,801 square miles and covers Hardee and DeSoto Counties and portions of Highlands and Charlotte Counties. The LiDAR point cloud was flown at a density sufficient to support a maximum final post spacing of 6 feet for unobscured areas. 3001 inc. acquired 445 flightlines between February 11, 2005 and April 14, 2005. The data was divided into 5000' by 5000' foot cells that serve as the tiling scheme. The Peace River South LiDAR Survey was collected under the guidance of a Professional Mapper/Surveyor. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ldart 20080512 The Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) LAS dataset is a survey of select areas within Rutland Ranch. This data falls in Manatee County. These data were produced for the Southwest Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD). The Rutland Ranch LiDAR Survey project area consists of approximately 17 square miles. The LiDAR point cloud was flown at a density sufficient to support a maximum final post spacing of 4 feet for unobscured areas. 3001 Inc. acquired 40 flightlines on February 1, 2006. The data was divided into 5000' by 5000'foot cells that serve as the tiling scheme. The Rutland Ranch LiDAR Survey was collected under the guidance of a Professional Mapper/Surveyor. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ldart 20080512 This metadata record describes the ortho & lidar mapping of Sarasota County, FL. The mapping consists of lidar data collected using a Leica ALS-40 Lidar Sensor, contour generation, and production of natural color orthophotography with a 30-cm GSD using imagery collected with a Leica ADS-40 Aerial Digital Camera. This topographic survey for Sarasota County covers 572 square miles and was acquired in two lift acquisitions. Lift 1 was on Feb 28 2004 and lift 2 was on Mar 4, 2004. The original lidar had gaps in the coverage and the areas were flown on May 15, 2004. Lidar data acquired with 2 meter nominal post spacing. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ldart 20080512 EarthData International collected ALS-50-derived LiDAR over Upper Myakka Florida with one-meter post spacing. The period of collection was between 3 October and 12 October 2006. This data set falls in Manatee County. The collection was performed by EarthData Aviation, using a Leica ALS-50 LiDAR system, including an inertial measuring unit (IMU) and a dual frequency GPS receiver. This project required six lifts of flight lines to be collected. The product generated consisted of LiDAR bare earth elevation models in LAS format. This data set is one component of a digital terrain model (DTM) for the Southwest Florida Water Management District's FY2005 Digital LiDAR Project (H048), encompassing approximately 291 square miles across Manatee County. The 2005 LiDAR dataset is comprised of 3-D mass points delivered in the LAS file format based on the District's 5,000' by 5,000' grid (325 cells). The other DTM component is 2-D and 3-D breakline features in the ESRI ArcGIS Personal Geodatabase format. In accordance with the 2005 SWFWMD Topographic Database Design, the following breakline closed water bodies (lakes, reservoirs, etc) as 3-D polygons; linear hydrographic features (streams, canals, swales, embankments, etc) as 3-D breaklines; coastal shorelines as 3-D linear features; edge of pavement road features as 3-D breaklines; soft features (ridges, valleys, etc.) as 3-D breaklines; obscured vegetation polygons as 2-D polygons; overpasses and bridges as 3-D breaklines; 1-foot contours for visualization purposes; and island features as 3-D polygons. Breakline features were captured to develop a hydrologically correct DTM. Contours (1-foot) were generated from the DTM that meet the National Map Accuracy Standards for 2-foot contours (FEMA specifications). Bare earth LiDAR mass point data display a vertical accuracy of at least 0.3-feet root mean square error (RMSE) in open unobscured areas http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ldart 20080512 This data set is one component of a digital terrain model (DTM) for Weeki Wachee, Hernando County, Florida encompassing approximately 13.5 square miles. This dataset is comprised of 15 LiDAR files, based on the DISTRICT 5,000' by 5,000' sheet index system, in the LAS file format and was collected on 1 March 2005. Raw data was collected at an average ground sample distance of 1-meter. Other components of the DTM include: 3-D breaklines along hydrographic features in the Shape file format; lake/pond polygons (in 3D) in the shape file format; obscured area polygons (in 2D) in the Shape file format; and hard/soft breaklines (in 3D) in the Shape file format. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ldart 20080512 This metadata document describes the collection and processing of topographic elevation point data derived from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IfSAR) measurement for coastal Southern California. Collection consists of topographic elevations from the California counties of Santa Barbara, Ventura, Los Angeles, Orange, and San Diego, and the hydrologic units within those counties that drain to the Pacific Ocean along with offshore islands within the Channel Islands. The resulting data include (1) Digital Elevation Model (DEM), (2) Raw magnitude radar reflectance data, and (3) Height Variance data. The data is first surface return (vegetation is in the dataset) X-band IfSAR with three meter point spacing and approximately one meter vertical accuracy in non-vegetated areas. The data is available in three vertical datums, NAVD88, GRS80 and NGVD29. This metadata record describes the DEM data with a vertical datum of ellipsoid (GRS80). http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ldart 20071206 This metadata document describes the collection and processing of topographic elevation point data derived from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IfSAR) measurement for coastal Southern California. Collection consists of topographic elevations from the California counties of Santa Barbara, Ventura, Los Angeles, Orange, and San Diego, and the hydrologic units within those counties that drain to the Pacific Ocean along with offshore islands within the Channel Islands. The resulting data include (1) Digital Elevation Model (DEM), (2) Raw magnitude radar reflectance data, and (3) Height Variance data. The data is first surface return (vegetation is in the dataset) X-band IfSAR with three meter point spacing and approximately one meter vertical accuracy in non-vegetated areas. The data is available in three vertical datums, NAVD88, GRS80 and NGVD29. This metadata record describes the DEM data in North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88). http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ldart 20071206 This metadata document describes the collection and processing of topographic elevation point data derived from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IfSAR) measurement for coastal Southern California. Collection consists of topographic elevations from the California counties of Santa Barbara, Ventura, Los Angeles, Orange, and San Diego, and the hydrologic units within those counties that drain to the Pacific Ocean along with offshore islands within the Channel Islands. The resulting data include (1) Digital Elevation Model (DEM), (2) Raw magnitude radar reflectance data, and (3) Height Variance data. The data is first surface return (vegetation is in the dataset) X-band IfSAR with three meter point spacing and approximately one meter vertical accuracy in non-vegetated areas. The data is available in three vertical datums, NAVD88, GRS80 and NGVD29. This metadata record describes the DEM data in National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD29). http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ldart 20071206 This metadata document describes the collection and processing of topographic elevation point data derived from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IfSAR) measurement for coastal Southern California. Collection consists of topographic elevations from the California counties of Santa Barbara, Ventura, Los Angeles, Orange, and San Diego, and the hydrologic units within those counties that drain to the Pacific Ocean along with offshore islands within the Channel Islands. The resulting data include (1) Digital Elevation Model (DEM), (2) Raw magnitude radar reflectance data, and (3) Height Variance data. This metadata record describes the height variance data. The height variance value represents the variance in the individual elevation values from multiple IfSAR flights that were used calculate the elevation for each cell in the DEM data set. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ldart 20071206 This metadata document describes the collection and processing of topographic elevation point data derived from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IfSAR) measurement for coastal Southern California. Collection consists of topographic elevations from the California counties of Santa Barbara, Ventura, Los Angeles, Orange, and San Diego, and the hydrologic units within those counties that drain to the Pacific Ocean along with offshore islands within the Channel Islands. The resulting data include (1) Digital Elevation Model (DEM), (2) Raw magnitude radar reflectance data, and (3) Height Variance data. This metadata record describes the orthorectified radar reflectance image. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ldart 20080225 This dataset contains a unified ESRI Grid with 10 meter cell size representing the bathymetry of selected portions of seafloor around Abrir La Sierra Bank, Bajo De Cico, and Isla De Mona, derived from data collected in 2007. NOAA's NOS/NCCOS/CCMA Biogeography Team, in collaboration with NOAA vessel Nancy Foster and territory, federal, and private sector partners, acquired multibeam bathymetry data in Puerto Rico from 4/14/07 to 4/24/07. Data was acquired with a Reson 8124 (200 kHz) multibeam echosounder (for shallow areas of Abrir La Sierra Bank only) and with a hull-mounted Kongsberg Simrad EM 1002 (95 kHz) multibeam echosounder (for all other areas). It was processed by a NOAA contractor using CARIS HIPS software. Data has all correctors applied (attitude, sound velocity) and has been reduced to mean lower low water (MLLW) using final approved tides and zoning from NOAA COOPS. Data is in UTM zone 19 north, datum NAD83. The processed CARIS data was used to generate a CARIS BASE surface based on swath angle. An ASCII XYZ file was exported from the BASE surface and opened in ESRI ArcMap 9.x using an XYZ to raster tool. The project was conducted to meet IHO Order 1 and 2 accuracy standards, dependant on the project area and depth. All users should individually evaluate the suitability of this data according to their own needs and standards. http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/products/biogeography/usvi_nps/overview.html 20071029 These Bathymetric Digital Elevation Models (DEM) were generated from original point soundings collected during hydrographic surveys conducted by the National Ocean Service and its predecessors. Mean High Water shoreline as defined by NOAA nautical charts was used as a constraining boundary and assigned its local elevation relative to the local datum (typically Mean Low Water). DEM grid values outside the shoreline (on land) were assigned null values (-32676). In the event of multiple surveys in a region, the most recent survey soundings were retained. Both 7.5 minute and 1 degree DEMs are available. The 1 degree DEMs were generated from the higher resolution 7.5 minute DEMs which covered the estuary. A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) contains a series of elevations ordered from south to north with the order of the columns from west to east. The DEM is formatted as one ASCII header record (A- record), followed by a series of profile records (B- records) each of which include a short B-record header followed by a series of ASCII integer elevations (typically in units of 1 centimeter {0.01 meter]) per each profile. The last physical record of the DEM is an accuracy record (C-record). The 7.5-minute DEM (30- by 30-m data spacing) is cast on the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection. It provides coverage in 7.5- by 7.5-minute blocks. Each product provides the same coverage as a standard USGS 7.5-minute quadrangle but the DEM contains over edge data. Coverage is available for many estuaries of the contiguous United States but is not complete. http://estuarinebathymetry.noaa.gov 20060731 These Bathymetric Digital Elevation Models (DEM) were generated from original point soundings collected during hydrographic surveys conducted by the National Ocean Service and its predecessors. Mean High Water shoreline as defined by NOAA nautical charts was used as a constraining boundary and assigned its local elevation relative to the local datum (typically Mean Low Water). DEM grid values outside the shoreline (on land) were assigned null values (-32676). In the event of multiple surveys in a region, the most recent survey soundings were retained. Both 7.5 minute and 1 degree DEMs are available. The 1 degree DEMs were generated from the higher resolution 7.5 minute DEMs which covered the estuary. A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) contains a series of elevations ordered from south to north with the order of the columns from west to east. The DEM is formatted as one ASCII header record (A- record), followed by a series of profile records (B- records) each of which include a short B-record header followed by a series of ASCII integer elevations (typically in units of 1 centimeter {0.01 meter]) per each profile. The last physical record of the DEM is an accuracy record (C-record). The 1 degree (60-minute) DEMs (3 arc second x 3 arc second data spacing) is cast on the geographic coordinate system (no projection). It provides coverage in 1 degree square blocks. Each product contains over edge data. Coverage is available for the many estuaries of the conterminous United States, but is not complete. http://estuarinebathymetry.noaa.gov 20060731 This dataset contains a unified ESRI Grid with 10 meter cell size representing the bathymetry of selected portions of seafloor around La Parguera, Abrir La Sierra Bank, Bajo De Cico, and Isla De Mona in Puerto Rico and St. Croix, St. Thomas, and St. John in the US Virgin Islands, derived from data collected in 2004, 2005 2006, and 2007. NOAA's NOS/NCCOS/CCMA Biogeography Team, in collaboration with NOAA vessel Nancy Foster and territory, federal, and private sector partners, acquired multibeam bathymetry data in the US Virgin Islands from 2/18/04 to 3/5/04 and 2/1/05 to 2/12/05, including La Parguera, P.R. from 3/21/06 to 4/2/06. Data was acquired with a pole-mounted Reson 8101 ER multibeam echosounder (240 kHz) in 2004 and 2005, and with a hull-mounted Kongsberg Simrad EM 1002 multibeam echosounder (95 kHz) in 2006. In Abrir La Sierra, Bajo de Cico, and Isla de Mona, P.R., the team, also in collaboration with NOAA vessel Nancy Foster and territory, federal, and private sector partners, acquired data from 4/14/07 to 4/24/07. Data with acquired with a hull-mounted Kongsberg Simrad EM 1002 (95 kHz) multibeam echosounder, as well as with a Reson 8124 (200 kHz) multibeam echosounder for shallow areas of Abrir La Sierra Bank. Data was processed by a NOAA contractor using CARIS HIPS software. Data has all correctors applied (attitude, sound velocity) and has been reduced to mean lower low water (MLLW) using final approved tides and zoning from NOAA COOPS. Data is in UTM zone 19 north, datum NAD83. The processed CARIS data was used to generate a CARIS BASE surface based on swath angle. For USVI and La Parguera, P.R. (2004-2006), an ASCII XYZ file was exported from the BASE surface and opened in ESRI ArcMap 9.x as an XY event. Then the ArcToolbox conversion tool 'Feature to Raster' was used to generate the final ESRI Grid. For Abrir La Sierra Bank, Bajo de Cico, and Isla de Mona (2007), an ASCII XYZ file was exported from the BASE surface and opened in ESRI ArcMap 9.x using the XYZ to raster tool. The project was conducted to meet IHO Order 1 and 2 accuracy standards, dependant on the project area and depth. All users should individually evaluate the suitability of this data according to their own needs and standards. http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/products/biogeography/usvi_nps/overview.html 20071029 Digital elevation model (DEM) data are arrays of regularly spaced elevation values referenced horizontally either to a Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection or to a geographic coordinate system. The grid cells are spaced at regular intervals along south to north profiles that are ordered from west to east. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) produces five primary types of elevation data: 7.5-minute DEM, 30-minute DEM, 1-degree DEM. These datasets were derived from USGS 7.5' DEM Quads for the main 8 Hawaiian Islands. Individual DEM quads were converted to a common datum, and vertical unit, and subsequently mosaicked in ArcGIS 9.x. The DEM for Hawaii (Big Island) has a coordinate system of NAD83 UTM5N. The DEM for the remaining 7 islands (Maui, Kahoolawe, Lanai, Molokai, Oahu, Kauai and Niihau) have a coordinate system of NAD83 UTM4N. All rasters have a spatial resolution of 10 meters and are in the ESRI grid format. On this metadata sheet, the bounding coordinates and row and column counts are for a hypothetical 10m grid that would contain the 8 main Hawaiian Islands. For bounding coordinates and the number of rows and columns for each actual, individual DEM, users should consult their respective layer properties. http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/products/biogeography/hawaii_cd_07/welcome.html 20080210 These hillshade datasets were derived from USGS 7.5' DEM Quads for the main 8 Hawaiian Islands. Individual DEM quads were first converted to a common datum, and vertical unit, and subsequently mosaicked in ArcGIS 9.x. The hillshade were created from these DEMs using the Hillshade function in ArcGIS 9.2's Spatial Analyst Extension. For all the hillshades, the altitude was set at 45, the Z factor at 1 and the output cell size at 10. The azimuth was set to 45 for the Hawaii (Big Island), Maui and Kauai hillshades. The azimuth was set to 315 for the remaining island hillshades. All rasters are 16 bit signed integers with a spatial resolution of 10 meters. They are in the ERDAS Imagine (.img) format and are referenced to the NAD83 UTM coordinate system. The hillshade for Hawaii (Big Island) is in UTM zone 5N, and the hillshades for the remaining 7 islands are in UTM zone 4N. On this metadata sheet, the bounding coordinates and row and column counts are for a hypothetical 10m grid that would contain the 8 main Hawaiian Islands. For bounding coordinates and the number of rows and columns for each actual, individual hillshade, users should consult their respective layer properties. http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/products/biogeography/hawaii_cd_07/welcome.html 20080210 This dataset contains an ESRI Grid with 10 meter cell size representing the bathymetry of selected portions of seafloor around Abrir La Sierra Bank in Puerto Rico, derived from data collected in 2007. NOAA's NOS/NCCOS/CCMA Biogeography Team, in collaboration with NOAA vessel Nancy Foster and territory, federal, and private sector partners, acquired multibeam bathymetry data in Puerto Rico from 4/14/07 to 4/24/07. Data was acquired with a Reson 8124 (200 kHz) multibeam echosounder and with a hull-mounted Kongsberg Simrad EM 1002 (95 kHz) multibeam echosounder. It was processed by a NOAA contractor using CARIS HIPS software. Data has all correctors applied (attitude, sound velocity) and has been reduced to mean lower low water (MLLW) using final approved tides and zoning from NOAA COOPS. Data is in UTM zone 19 north, datum NAD83. The processed CARIS data was used to generate a CARIS BASE surface based on swath angle. An ASCII XYZ file was exported from the BASE surface and opened in ESRI ArcMap 9.x using an XYZ to raster tool. The project was conducted to meet IHO Order 1 and 2 accuracy standards, dependant on the project area and depth. All users should individually evaluate the suitability of this data according to their own needs and standards. http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/products/biogeography/usvi_nps/overview.html 20071029 This dataset contains an ESRI Grid with 3 meter cell size representing the bathymetry of selected portions of seafloor around Abrir La Sierra Bank in Puerto Rico, derived from data collected in 2007. NOAA's NOS/NCCOS/CCMA Biogeography Team, in collaboration with NOAA vessel Nancy Foster and territory, federal, and private sector partners, acquired multibeam bathymetry data in Puerto Rico from 4/14/07 to 4/24/07. Data was acquired with a Reson 8124 (200 kHz) multibeam echosounder and with a hull-mounted Kongsberg Simrad EM 1002 (95 kHz) multibeam echosounder. It was processed by a NOAA contractor using CARIS HIPS software. Data has all correctors applied (attitude, sound velocity) and has been reduced to mean lower low water (MLLW) using final approved tides and zoning from NOAA COOPS. Data is in UTM zone 19 north, datum NAD83. The processed CARIS data was used to generate a CARIS BASE surface based on swath angle. An ASCII XYZ file was exported from the BASE surface and opened in ESRI ArcMap 9.x using an XYZ to raster tool. The project was conducted to meet IHO Order 1 and 2 accuracy standards, dependant on the project area and depth. All users should individually evaluate the suitability of this data according to their own needs and standards. http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/products/biogeography/usvi_nps/overview.html 20071029 This dataset contains an ESRI Grid representing the rugosity of a 3 m bathymetric grid for Abrir La Sierra Bank in Puerto Rico, derived from data collected in 2007. Rugosity is defined as the ratio of surface area to planar area and is used as a measure of benthic terrain complexity or "roughness". Rugosity values near 1 represent flat, smooth terrain, while higher values reflect increasing rugosity or terrain roughness. For rugosity grid interpretation, it is recommended that the grid be reclassified according to standard deviation divisions. NOAA's NOS/NCCOS/CCMA Biogeography Team, in collaboration with NOAA vessel Nancy Foster and territory, federal, and private sector partners, acquired multibeam bathymetry data in Puerto Rico from 4/14/07 to 4/24/07. Data was acquired with a Reson 8124 (200 kHz) multibeam echosounder and with a hull-mounted Kongsberg Simrad EM 1002 (95 kHz) multibeam echosounder. It was processed by a NOAA contractor using CARIS HIPS software. Data has all correctors applied (attitude, sound velocity) and has been reduced to mean lower low water (MLLW) using final approved tides and zoning from NOAA COOPS. Data is in UTM zone 19 north, datum NAD83. The processed CARIS data was used to generate a CARIS BASE surface based on swath angle. An ASCII XYZ file was exported from the BASE surface and opened in ESRI ArcMap 9.x using the XYZ to raster tool. The Benthic Terrain Modeller (BTM) tool, a collection of ArcGIS terrain visualization tools developed by the Oregon State University (OSU) Department of Geosciences and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coastal Services Center, was used to calculate the rugosity of that bathymetric grid. More information on the specific algorithms used can be found in the BTM's documentation. The project was conducted to meet IHO Order 1 and 2 accuracy standards, dependant on the project area and depth. All users should individually evaluate the suitability of this data according to their own needs and standards. http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/products/biogeography/usvi_nps/overview.html 20071029 This dataset contains an ESRI Grid with 3 meter cell size representing the bathymetry of selected portions of seafloor around Abrir La Sierra Bank in Puerto Rico, derived from data collected in 2007. NOAA's NOS/NCCOS/CCMA Biogeography Team, in collaboration with NOAA vessel Nancy Foster and territory, federal, and private sector partners, acquired multibeam bathymetry data in Puerto Rico from 4/14/07 to 4/24/07. Data was acquired with a Reson 8124 (200 kHz) multibeam echosounder and with a hull-mounted Kongsberg Simrad EM 1002 (95 kHz) multibeam echosounder. It was processed by a NOAA contractor using CARIS HIPS software. Data has all correctors applied (attitude, sound velocity) and has been reduced to mean lower low water (MLLW) using final approved tides and zoning from NOAA COOPS. Data is in UTM zone 19 north, datum NAD83. The processed CARIS data was used to generate a CARIS BASE surface based on swath angle. An ASCII XYZ file was exported from the BASE surface and opened in ESRI ArcMap 9.x using an XYZ to raster tool. The project was conducted to meet IHO Order 1 and 2 accuracy standards, dependant on the project area and depth. All users should individually evaluate the suitability of this data according to their own needs and standards. http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/products/biogeography/usvi_nps/overview.html 20071029 This dataset contains an ESRI Grid with 5 meter cell size representing the bathymetry of selected portions of seafloor around Abrir La Sierra Bank in Puerto Rico, derived from data collected in 2007. NOAA's NOS/NCCOS/CCMA Biogeography Team, in collaboration with NOAA vessel Nancy Foster and territory, federal, and private sector partners, acquired multibeam bathymetry data in Puerto Rico from 4/14/07 to 4/24/07. Data was acquired with a Reson 8124 (200 kHz) multibeam echosounder and with a hull-mounted Kongsberg Simrad EM 1002 (95 kHz) multibeam echosounder. It was processed by a NOAA contractor using CARIS HIPS software. Data has all correctors applied (attitude, sound velocity) and has been reduced to mean lower low water (MLLW) using final approved tides and zoning from NOAA COOPS. Data is in UTM zone 19 north, datum NAD83. The processed CARIS data was used to generate a CARIS BASE surface based on swath angle. An ASCII XYZ file was exported from the BASE surface and opened in ESRI ArcMap 9.x using an XYZ to raster tool. The project was conducted to meet IHO Order 1 and 2 accuracy standards, dependant on the project area and depth. All users should individually evaluate the suitability of this data according to their own needs and standards. http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/products/biogeography/usvi_nps/overview.html 20071029 This dataset contains an ESRI Grid representing the rugosity of a 5 m bathymetric grid for Abrir La Sierra Bank in Puerto Rico, derived from data collected in 2007. Rugosity is defined as the ratio of surface area to planar area and is used as a measure of benthic terrain complexity or "roughness". Rugosity values near 1 represent flat, smooth terrain, while higher values reflect increasing rugosity or terrain roughness. For rugosity grid interpretation, it is recommended that the grid be reclassified according to standard deviation divisions. NOAA's NOS/NCCOS/CCMA Biogeography Team, in collaboration with NOAA vessel Nancy Foster and territory, federal, and private sector partners, acquired multibeam bathymetry data in Puerto Rico from 4/14/07 to 4/24/07. Data was acquired with a Reson 8124 (200 kHz) multibeam echosounder and with a hull-mounted Kongsberg Simrad EM 1002 (95 kHz) multibeam echosounder. It was processed by a NOAA contractor using CARIS HIPS software. Data has all correctors applied (attitude, sound velocity) and has been reduced to mean lower low water (MLLW) using final approved tides and zoning from NOAA COOPS. Data is in UTM zone 19 north, datum NAD83. The processed CARIS data was used to generate a CARIS BASE surface based on swath angle. An ASCII XYZ file was exported from the BASE surface and opened in ESRI ArcMap 9.x using the XYZ to raster tool. The Benthic Terrain Modeller (BTM) tool, a collection of ArcGIS terrain visualization tools developed by the Oregon State University (OSU) Department of Geosciences and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coastal Services Center, was used to calculate the rugosity of that bathymetric grid. More information on the specific algorithms used can be found in the BTM's documentation. The project was conducted to meet IHO Order 1 and 2 accuracy standards, dependant on the project area and depth. All users should individually evaluate the suitability of this data according to their own needs and standards. http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/products/biogeography/usvi_nps/overview.html 20071029 The National Geodetic Survey (NGS), formerly part of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, has been performing Aeronautical surveys since the 1920's. NGS, in accordance with a series of interagency agreements with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), provides airport geodetic control, runway, navigational aid, obstruction and other aeronautical data that is critical to the operation of the National Airspace System (NAS). The FAA uses the data to develop instrument approach and departure procedures, determine maximum takeoff weights, update aeronautical publications, and airport planning and engineering studies. Most of this data is source information obtained using field and photogrammetric survey methods. NGS acquires aerial photography of most commercial and many general aviation airports in the United States to support several types of aeronautical surveys, including Airport Obstruction Chart (AOC), Operational Evolution Plan (OEP), and Congressional (CGR) and, until recently, Area Navigation Approach (ANA). The high resolution photographs are used to perform a photogrammetric analysis of the Obstruction Identification Surface (OIS), determine areas obstructing the OIS, delineate aircraft movement areas and associated airport features, and are useful when performing ground surveys. Over 1,000 airports have been flown and photographs for these locations are currently available through the NGS photo library. http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/AERO/ASPphoto/aspphoto.html 20040720 The data sets are generated using the OPTECH ALTM 70 kHz LIDAR system mounted onboard AeroMap's twin-engine Cessna 320 aircraft. Classified data sets such as this one may have varying posting due to some LIDAR pulses not reaching the ground caused by data anomalies. Accuracy statements are based on areas of moderate terrain. Diminished accuracies are to be expected in areas of extreme terrain and dense vegetation. The accuracy of each point is expected to meet the vertical accuracy standard, however, derived products may be less accurate in extreme terrain and dense vegetation due to a lesser number of points defining the bare-earth in these areas. The data were QA/QC'ed but some data holidays still exist. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ldart 20060509 NOAA's Office of Coast Survey (OCS) is responsible for generating the Three Nautical Mile Line, Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, and Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Traditionally, these maritime limits have been generated by hand from the low water line depicted on paper, U.S. nautical charts. Upon final approval by the U.S. Baseline Committee, these official maritime limits are applied to the next edition of nautical charts produced by the Marine Chart Division of OCS. Due to new cartographic production processes and the availability of digital products such as Electronic Navigational Charts (ENCs), OCS has developed improved techniques for generating more accurate, digital maritime limits. Through the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software such as CARIS' LOTS and ESRI's ArcGIS, the latest vector representations of these limits will be available to NOAA cartographers and the public. To create digital limits, the charted low water line is captured digitally and used as input to CARIS' LOTS: Limits and Boundaries software for the designation of a baseline. Other parts of the EEZ include maritime boundary agreements and/or unilateral claims as noted in Federal Register Notice, Volume 60 No. 163, Wednesday August 23, 1995. Once the limits are created, they are exported to a shapefile using CARIS' Import SHP utility. Digital limits of the Exclusive Economic Zone for Alaska are contained within a zipped file. http://nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/csdl/eez.htm 20070911 This data set contains vector lines and polygons representing the shoreline and coastal habitats of the Aleutian Islands classified according to the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) classification system. This data set comprises a portion of the ESI data for Aleutians East Borough and Aleutians West Coastal Resource Service Area (CRSA). These data identify the marine and coastal environments and wildlife. The ESI data include information for three main components: shoreline habitats, sensitive biological resources, and human-use resources. http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/esi 200205 This Historical North Atlantic and East-Central North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Tracks file contains the 6-hourly (0000, 0600, 1200, 1800 UTC) center locations and intensities for all subtropical depressions and storms, extratropical storms, tropical lows, waves, disturbances, depressions and storms, and all hurricanes, from 1851 through 2006. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/hurricane_tracks 20070308 These data were automated to provide a suitable geographic information system (GIS) data layer depicting the historical shoreline for Alabama. These data are derived from shoreline maps that were produced by the NOAA National Ocean Service including its predecessor agencies. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/shoreline/data.html 20071010 This project is a cooperative effort between the National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment, the University of Hawaii, and Analytical Laboratories of Hawaii, LLC. IKONOS imagery was purchased to support the Pacific Islands Geographic Information System (GIS) project and the National Ocean Service's (NOS) coral mapping activities. One-meter panchromatic and four-meter multi-spectral data were purchased for each study area. The enhanced spectral resolution of multispectral imagery and control of bandwidths of multispectral data yield an advantage over color aerial photography particularly when coral health and time series analysis of coral reef community structure are of interest. The IKONOS imagery was processed to minimize atmospheric and water column effects. Photointerpreters can accurately and reliably delineate boundaries of features in the imagery as they appear on the computer monitor using a software interface such as the Habitat Digitizer. http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/products/biogeography/us_pac_terr/index.htm 20050826 This data set contains vector lines and polygons representing the shoreline and coastal habitats of American Samoa classified according to the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) classification system. This data set comprises a portion of the ESI for American Samoa. ESI data characterize the marine and coastal environments and wildlife by their sensitivity to spilled oil. The ESI data include information for three main components: shoreline habitats, sensitive biological resources, and human-use resources. http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/esi 200402 The Apalachicola Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve and the NOAA Coastal Services Center worked together to map benthic habitats within Apalachicola Bay, Florida. The bay and the lower portions of four distributaries were surveyed on 11-22 October 1999 using three benthic sampling techniques. This data set represents the benthic community information gathered from grab sampling. Grabs were collected at 136 stations throughout the bay. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/benthic/data/gulf/apa.htm 20040616 The Apalachicola Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve and the NOAA Coastal Services Center worked together to map benthic habitats within Apalachicola Bay, Florida. The bay and the lower portions of four distributaries were surveyed on 11-22 October 1999 using three benthic sampling techniques. This data set represents the information gathered from a RoxAnn acoustic sensor. The instrument was used to characterize bottom type by extracting data on bottom roughness and bottom hardness from the primary and secondary sounder echoes. The data is classified on-the-fly, using the Sediment Profile Images and grab samples collected for field validation, and subject to a post-processing classification. The RoxAnn data points were exported into a geographic information system (GIS) and post-processed to remove unreliable data points and re-classified. This data set is comprised of the cleaned, attributed point data. The attributes include location, date, time, depth, field derived classification, and the classification derived from post-processing the data. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/benthic/data/gulf/apa.htm 20010509 The Apalachicola Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve and the NOAA Coastal Services Center worked together to map benthic habitats within Apalachicola Bay, Florida. The bay and the lower portions of four distributaries were surveyed on 11-22 October 1999 using three benthic sampling techniques. This data set represents the sediment grain size and organic content information gathered from grab sampling. Grabs were collected at 136 stations throughout the bay. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/benthic/data/gulf/apa.htm 20040616 The Apalachicola Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve and the NOAA Coastal Services Center worked together to map benthic habitats within Apalachicola Bay, Florida. The bay and the lower portions of four distributaries were surveyed on 11-22 October 1999 using three benthic sampling techniques. This data set represents the information gathered from sediment profile imagery sampling. Images were collected at 436 stations throughout the bay. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/benthic/data/gulf/apa.htm 20040617 The toxicity of sediments in Pensacola, Choctawhatchee, St. Andrew and Apalachicola Bays was determined as part of bioeffects assessments performed by NOAA’s National Status and Trends Program. The objectives of the survey were to determine: (1) the spatial patterns in toxicity throughout each bay, (2) the spatial extent of toxicity throughout and among the bays, (3) the severity or degree of toxicity, and (4) the relationships between chemical contamination and toxicity. The survey was conducted over two years: Pensacola Bay and St. Andrew Bay were sampled in 1993; and Choctawhatchee Bay, Apalachicola Bay and Bayou Chico (a sub-basin of Pensacola Bay) were sampled during 1994. Surficial sediment samples were collected from 123 randomly-chosen locations throughout the five areas. Multiple toxicity tests were conducted on all samples, and chemical analyses were performed on 102 of the 123 samples. Toxicological tests were conducted to determine survival, reproductive success, morphological development, metabolic activity, and genotoxicity; all bays showed toxicity in at least some of the samples. Toxicity was most severe in Bayou Chico, an industrialized basin adjoining Pensacola Bay. Other developed bayous adjoining Pensacola Bay and the other bays also showed relatively severe toxicity. The main basins of the bays generally showed lower toxicity than the adjoining bayous. The different toxicity tests, however, indicated differences in severity, incidence, spatial patterns, and spatial extent in toxicity. The most sensitive test, a bioassay of metabolic activity of bioluminescent bacteria, indicated toxicity was pervasive throughout the entire study area. The least sensitive test, an acute bioassay performed with a benthic amphipod, indicated toxicity was restricted to a very small portion of the area. Causes of toxicity were not determined in the survey. However, mixtures of potentially toxic substances, including pesticides, petroleum constituents, trace metals, and ammonia, were associated statistically with the measures of toxicity. The concentrations of many substances were highest in Bayou Chico, where the most severe toxicity was observed. At these toxic sites, some of the substances had considerably elevated concentrations, often exceeding numerical guidelines or known toxicity thresholds. The relationships between toxicity and chemical concentrations differed among the bays and toxicity tests. http://nsandt.noaa.gov 20071019 Reefs play a vital role for countless marine species and are an important destination for recreationists who desire to view the diversity of animal and plant life in this unique marine environment. Here, reefs refer to both artificial and natural reefs. Natural reefs include both coral reefs and other natural hard-bottom reefs. Many states have active artificial reef programs; in Florida, local county agencies also have these programs. Recently, these agencies have been pressured to justify the public investment in artificial reefs, as well as investments in protecting and restoring natural reefs. In the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS), there is concern about the impacts of introducing new artificial reefs into a natural reef environment. Proponents of new artificial reefs argue that they will take pressure off of surrounding natural reefs (i.e. reduce usage). CORE has instituted monitoring programs to test this hypothesis. http://marineeconomics.noaa.gov/Reefs/welcome.html 20041025 This project is a cooperative effort between the National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment, the University of Hawaii, BAE Systems Spectral Solutions and Analytical Laboratories of Hawaii, LLC. The goal of the work was to map the coral reef habitats of American Samoa, Guam and the Common Wealth of the Northern Mariana Islands by visual interpretation and manual delineation of IKONOS satellite imagery. A two tiered habitat classification system was tested and implemented in this work. It integrates geomorphologic reef structure and biological cover into a single scheme and subsets each into detail. It also includes thirteen zones. Benthic features were mapped that covered an area of 71.5 square kilometers of which 10.56 were unconsolidated sediment and 60.94 were coral reef and hard bottom. Of the coral reef and hard bottom class, 62.8% is colonized by greater than 10% coral cover. http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/products/biogeography/us_pac_terr/index.htm 20040630 This project is a cooperative effort between the National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment, the University of Hawaii, BAE Systems Spectral Solutions and Analytical Laboratories of Hawaii, LLC. The goal of the work was to map the coral reef habitats of American Samoa, Guam and the Common Wealth of the Northern Mariana Islands by visual interpretation and manual delineation of IKONOS satellite imagery. A two tiered habitat classification system was tested and implemented in this work. It integrates geomorphologic reef structure and biological cover into a single scheme and subsets each into detail. It also includes thirteen zones. Benthic features were mapped that covered an area of 71.5 square kilometers of which 10.56 were unconsolidated sediment and 60.94 were coral reef and hard bottom. Of the coral reef and hard bottom class, 62.8% is colonized by greater than 10% coral cover. http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/products/biogeography/us_pac_terr/index.htm 20060106 IKONOS imagery was purchased to support the Pacific Islands Geographic Information System (GIS) project and the National Ocean Service's (NOS) coral mapping activities. One-meter panchromatic and four-meter multi-spectral data were purchased for each study area. A digital vector shoreline was manually digitized from the one-meter panchromatic imagery to provide accurate, up-to-date shoreline data. http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/products/biogeography/us_pac_terr/index.htm 20051219 NOAA's Office of Coast Survey (OCS) is responsible for generating the Three Nautical Mile Line, Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, and Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Traditionally, these maritime limits have been generated by hand from the low water line depicted on paper, U.S. nautical charts. Upon final approval by the U.S. Baseline Committee, these legally-binding maritime limits are applied to the next edition of nautical charts produced by the Marine Chart Division of OCS. Due to new cartographic production processes and the availability of digital products such as Electronic Navigational Charts (ENCs), the Office of Coast Survey (OCS) is generating more accurate, digital maritime limits. Through the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software such as CARIS' LOTS and ESRI's ArcGIS, the latest vector representations of these limits will be available to NOAA cartographers and the public. To create digital limits, the charted low water line is digitized from the largest-scale raster nautical charts and used as input to CARIS' LOTS: Limits and Boundaries software for the designation of a baseline. Other parts of the EEZ include maritime boundary agreements and/or unilateral claims as noted in Federal Register Notice, Volume 60, No. 163, Wednesday August 23, 1995. Once the limits are created, they are exported to a shapefile using CARIS' "Import SHP File" utility. Digital limits of the Exclusive Economic Zone for the Atlantic coast of the United States are contained within a zipped file. Within the zipped file is a shapefile and a text file detailing the individual coordinates. http://nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/csdl/eez.htm 20061130 Laser beach mapping uses a pulsed laser ranging system mounted onboard an aircraft to measure ground elevation and coastal topography. The laser emits laser beams at high frequency and is directed downward at the earth's surface through a port opening in the bottom of the aircraft's fuselage. The laser system records the time difference between emission of the laser beam and the reception of the reflected laser signal in the aircraft. The aircraft travels over the beach at approximately 60 meters per second while surveying from the low water line to the landward base of the sand dunes. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ldart 20021210 This data set includes data collected from 1996-2000 and covers the states of Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, California, Oregon, Washington, Texas, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. Laser beach mapping uses a pulsed laser ranging system mounted onboard an aircraft to measure ground elevation and coastal topography. The laser emits laser beams at high frequency and is directed downward at the earth's surface through a port opening in the bottom of the aircraft's fuselage. The laser system records the time difference between emission of the laser beam and the reception of the reflected laser signal in the aircraft. The aircraft travels over the beach at approximately 60 meters per second while surveying from the low water line to the landward base of the sand dunes. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ldart 19980331 The Automated Wreck and Obstruction Information System (AWOIS) is an automated file that contains information on wrecks and obstructions, and other significant charted features in coastal waters of the United States subject to NOS Hydrographic Surveys. Items in this file are individually catalogued and are accompanied by historic and descriptive information gathered from field observations and Government and private publications. Approximately 96% of the items have a position in latitude and longitude (NAD83), original datum information, a position accuracy code, a source quality code, a charted symbol code, a chart number, and project information. Each item has also been evaluated for the adequacy of the available information as it relates to future surveys and nautical charting activities and may carry a specific recommendation for the type of survey investigation required to improve the quality of known information. http://chartmaker.ncd.noaa.gov/hsd/hsd-3.html 20051206 This dataset contains an ESRI Grid with 10 meter cell size representing the bathymetry of selected portions of seafloor around Bajo De Cico in Puerto Rico, derived from data collected in 2007. NOAA's NOS/NCCOS/CCMA Biogeography Team, in collaboration with NOAA vessel Nancy Foster and territory, federal, and private sector partners, acquired multibeam bathymetry data in Puerto Rico from 4/14/07 to 4/24/07. Data was acquired with a hull-mounted Kongsberg Simrad EM 1002 (95 kHz) multibeam echosounder. It was processed by a NOAA contractor using CARIS HIPS software. Data has all correctors applied (attitude, sound velocity) and has been reduced to mean lower low water (MLLW) using final approved tides and zoning from NOAA COOPS. Data is in UTM zone 19 north, datum NAD83. The processed CARIS data was used to generate a CARIS BASE surface based on swath angle. An ASCII XYZ file was exported from the BASE surface and opened in ESRI ArcMap 9.x using an XYZ to raster tool. The project was conducted to meet IHO Order 1 and 2 accuracy standards, dependant on the project area and depth. All users should individually evaluate the suitability of this data according to their own needs and standards. http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/products/biogeography/usvi_nps/overview.html 20071029 This dataset contains an ESRI Grid with 3 meter cell size representing the bathymetry of selected portions of seafloor around Bajo De Cico in Puerto Rico, derived from data collected in 2007. NOAA's NOS/NCCOS/CCMA Biogeography Team, in collaboration with NOAA vessel Nancy Foster and territory, federal, and private sector partners, acquired multibeam bathymetry data in Puerto Rico from 4/14/07 to 4/24/07. Data was acquired with a hull-mounted Kongsberg Simrad EM 1002 (95 kHz) multibeam echosounder. It was processed by a NOAA contractor using CARIS HIPS software. Data has all correctors applied (attitude, sound velocity) and has been reduced to mean lower low water (MLLW) using final approved tides and zoning from NOAA COOPS. Data is in UTM zone 19 north, datum NAD83. The processed CARIS data was used to generate a CARIS BASE surface based on swath angle. An ASCII XYZ file was exported from the BASE surface and opened in ESRI ArcMap 9.x using an XYZ to raster tool. The project was conducted to meet IHO Order 1 and 2 accuracy standards, dependant on the project area and depth. All users should individually evaluate the suitability of this data according to their own needs and standards. http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/products/biogeography/usvi_nps/overview.html 20071029 This dataset contains an ESRI Grid with 5 meter cell size representing the bathymetry of selected portions of seafloor around Bajo De Cico in Puerto Rico, derived from data collected in 2007. NOAA's NOS/NCCOS/CCMA Biogeography Team, in collaboration with NOAA vessel Nancy Foster and territory, federal, and private sector partners, acquired multibeam bathymetry data in Puerto Rico from 4/14/07 to 4/24/07. Data was acquired with a hull-mounted Kongsberg Simrad EM 1002 (95 kHz) multibeam echosounder. It was processed by a NOAA contractor using CARIS HIPS software. Data has all correctors applied (attitude, sound velocity) and has been reduced to mean lower low water (MLLW) using final approved tides and zoning from NOAA COOPS. Data is in UTM zone 19 north, datum NAD83. The processed CARIS data was used to generate a CARIS BASE surface based on swath angle. An ASCII XYZ file was exported from the BASE surface and opened in ESRI ArcMap 9.x using an XYZ to raster tool. The project was conducted to meet IHO Order 1 and 2 accuracy standards, dependant on the project area and depth. All users should individually evaluate the suitability of this data according to their own needs and standards. http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/products/biogeography/usvi_nps/overview.html 20071029 Shallow-water (generally, less than 30 meters) bank areas in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands were identified using semi-automated image analysis of Landsat 7 ETM+ satellite imagery. An area of approximately 10,000 sq. km was mapped using the moderate-resolution satellite imagery and shallow-water bank maps were generated for the French Frigate Shoals, Gardner Pinnacles, Lisianski Island, Laysan Island, Maro Reef, Necker Island, Nihoa Island, Pioneer Bank, Raita Bank, St. Rogatien Bank, the Brooks Banks, and the bank west of Nihoa. This project is a cooperative effort between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to produce benthic habitat maps and georeferenced imagery for the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. This project was conducted in support of the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force. http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/ecosystems/coralreef/nwhi_mapping.html 20060810 This is a line coverage depicting 10 meter bathymetric contours of the survey area HMPR-108-2002-01 within the Olympic Coast national marine sanctuary. http://olympiccoast.noaa.gov/research/mapping 20051017 This image represents a LiDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) bathymetric mosaic (mean 4 meter gridded) collected along the coastline of southwestern Puerto Rico. The Tenix LADS Corporation (TLI) acquired bathymetric LIDAR for NOAA from 4/07/2006 to 5/15/2006. Data was acquired with a LADS (Laser Airborne Depth Sounder) Mk II Airborne System from altitudes between 1,200 and 2,200ft at ground speeds between 140 and 175 knots. The 900 Hertz Nd: YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet) laser (1064 nm) acquired 4x4 meter spot spacing and 200% seabed coverage. In total, 265 square nautical miles of LiDAR were collected between -50 m (topographic) and up to 70 m (depth), requiring a total of 102 flight hours (134 hours, including flight time to and from San Juan airport). Environmental factors such as wind strength and direction, cloud cover, and water clarity influenced the area of data acquisition on a daily basis. The data was processed using the LADS Mk II Ground System and data visualization, quality control and final products were created using CARIS HIPS and SIPS 6.1 and CARIS BASE Editor 2.1 The project was conducted to meet the IHO (International Hydrograph Organization)Order 1 accuracy standards, dependant on the project area and depth. All users should individually evaluate the suitability of this data according to their own needs and standards. http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/products/biogeography/lidar_pr/welcome.html 20071214 The National Survey on Recreation and the Environment (NSRE) represents the continuation of the ongoing National Recreation Survey (NRS) series. Begun in 1960 by the congressionally created Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission (ORRRC), the first NRS was a four-season, in-the-home survey of outdoor recreation participation in the United States. Since that time, five additional NRSs , in 1965, 1970, 1972, 1977, and 1982-83, and two NSREs, in 1994-95 and 2000-2001 have been conducted. The CORE program is co-leading the latest NSRE, which represents the second time data on marine recreation has been collected. Nationwide, more than 50,000 households will be included in this survey. Partners include the U.S. Forest Service, the USDA Economic Research Service, the U.S. EPA, and the U.S. Department of Interior?s Bureau of Land Management. http://marineeconomics.noaa.gov/NSRE/welcome.html 20041014 In fall 2001, researchers from the Wells National Estuarine Research Reserve, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, and the NOAA Coastal Services Center conducted a project to map benthic habitats in the York and Webhannet rivers in southern Maine. The team completed two weeks of fieldwork in September 2001, collecting sediment profile images at 382 stations and sediment grab samples at 93 stations. This data set represents the benthic community information gathered from grab sampling. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/benthic/data/northeast/wells.htm 20040809 This dataset consists of polygonal boundaries for the 2000 Census Block Groups with 2000 Block Group level data. A census block group (BG) is a cluster of blocks that have the same first digit in their identifying number within a census tract. For example, Block Group 2 (BG 2) within a census tract includes all blocks numbered from 2000 to 2999. Block groups generally contain between 600 and 3,000 people, with an optimum population size of 1,500. Block Groups never cross census tract or BNA boundaries, but may cross the boundaries of county subdivisions, places, American Indian and Alaska Native areas, urbanized areas, voting districts, and congressional districts. http://marineeconomics.noaa.gov/socioeconomics/welcome.html 20040331 This data set contains vector lines and polygons representing the shoreline and coastal habitats of the Bristol Bay Subarea, classified according to the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) classification system. The Subarea includes marine and coastal areas of Bristol Bay and part of the southern Alaska Peninsula. (This area extends from directly south of Goodnews Bay to slightly north of Port Seniavan along the Bristol Bay side of the Alaska Peninsula, as well as the Pacific Ocean side of the Alaska Peninsula from Cape Providence to Kupreanof Peninsula.) This data set comprises a portion of the ESI for the Bristol Bay Subarea. ESI data characterize the marine and coastal environments and wildlife by their sensitivity to spilled oil. The ESI data include information for three main components: shoreline habitats, sensitive biological resources, and human-use resources. http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/esi 200405 This data set reports information regarding the nominal sampling locations for the National Status and Trends Benthic Surveillance Project sites. One record is presented per site. Each record reports the five letter site acronym, site sequence number, general and specific location information, state abbreviation, state name, degree-minute-second coordinates, decimal degree coordinates, and species information, among other things. The actual site coordinate information is recorded at the time of sampling, if samples were taken at a location other than the nominal site center. The five letter acronym is based on both the general location information and more specific location information (e.g. SFSM is San Francisco-San Mateo Bridge). The file also contains sequence numbers that facilitate geographic manipulation of the data. Sites are numbered sequentially from the northern most site on the U.S. East coast (i.e. Penobscot Bay-Pickering Island) and continue counter-clockwise around the country. http://NSandT.noaa.gov 20040929 The National Status and Trends (NS&T) Benthic Surveillance Project Chemistry data file reports the trace concentrations of a suite of chemical contaminants in marine sediment and benthic fish tissue samples collected from all U.S. coastal regions from 1984 to 1992. The sediment and tissue samples were analyzed for major and trace elements and a suite of organic chemical constituents, including butyltins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and pesticides. The Benthic Surveillance Project Tissue Chemistry file is constructed as a vertically formatted table. http://NSandT.noaa.gov 20040929 CAMEO ® (Computer-Aided Management of Emergency Operations) is a system of software applications used widely to plan for and respond to chemical emergencies. It is one of the tools developed by EPA's Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Prevention Office (CEPPO) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Response and Restoration (NOAA), to assist front-line chemical emergency planners and responders. They can use CAMEO to access, store, and evaluate information critical for developing emergency plans. In addition, CAMEO supports regulatory compliance by helping users meet the chemical inventory reporting requirements of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA, also known as SARA Title III). CAMEO also can be used with a separate software application called LandView ® to display EPA environmental databases and demographic/economic information to support analysis of environmental justice issues. The CAMEO system integrates a chemical database and a method to manage the data, an air dispersion model, and a mapping capability. All modules work interactively to share and display critical information in a timely fashion. The CAMEO system is available in Macintosh and Windows format. CAMEO ® - The Database and Information Management The original application, called CAMEO, contains a chemical database of over 6,000 hazardous chemicals, 100,000 synonyms, and product trade names. CAMEO provides a powerful search engine that allows users to find chemicals instantly. Each one is linked to chemical-specific information on fire and explosive hazards, health hazards, firefighting techniques, cleanup procedures, and protective clothing. CAMEO also contains basic information on facilities that store chemicals, on the inventory of chemicals at the facility (Tier II) and on emergency planning resources. Additionally, there are templates where users can store EPCRA information. CAMEO connects the planner or emergency responder with critical information to identify unknown substances during an incident. ALOHA ® - Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres ALOHA is an atmospheric dispersion model used for evaluating releases of hazardous chemical vapors. ALOHA allows the user to estimate the downwind dispersion of a chemical cloud based on the toxicological/physical characteristics of the released chemical, atmospheric conditions, and specific circumstances of the release. Graphical outputs include a "cloud footprint" that can be plotted on maps with MARPLOT to display the location of other facilities storing hazardous materials and vulnerable locations, such as hospitals and schools. Specific information about these locations can be extracted from CAMEO information modules to help make decisions about the degree of hazard posed. MARPLOT ® - Mapping Applications for Response, Planning, and Local Operational Tasks MARPLOT is the mapping application. It allows users to "see" their data (e.g., roads, facilities, schools, response assets), display this information on computer maps, and print the information on area maps. The areas contaminated by potential or actual chemical release scenarios also can be overlaid on the maps to determine potential impacts. The maps are created from the U.S. Bureau of Census TIGER/Line files and can be manipulated quickly to show possible hazard areas. http://www.epa.gov/ceppo/cameo/index.htm; 20040102 These data were automated to provide a suitable geographic information system (GIS) data layer depicting the historical shoreline for California. These data are derived from shoreline maps that were produced by the NOAA National Ocean Service including its predecessor agencies. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/shoreline/data.html 20071010 The National Marine Sanctuary Program manages a system of sanctuaries and other managed areas around the country. The legal boundaries of These sanctuaries are defined within the Code of Federal Regulations, at 15 C.F.R. Part 922 and the subparts for each national marine sanctuary. The GIS compatible digital boundary files for each national marine sanctuary are representations of those legal boundaries and are based on the best available data. These files are available for public use at locations defined in this metadata record. http://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/library/imast_gis.html 20060317 The Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP) is developing a nationally standardized database on land cover and habitat change in the coastal regions of the United States. C-CAP inventories wetland habitats and adjacent uplands and monitors changes in these habitats on a 1 to 5 year cycle. The monitoring cycle will vary according to the rate and magnitude of change in each geographic region. Satellite imagery (primarily Landsat Thematic Mapper), aerial photography, and field data are interpreted, classified, analyzed, and integrated with other digital data in a geographic information system (GIS). The resulting land cover change databases are disseminated in digital form for use by anyone wishing to conduct geographic analysis in the completed regions. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/crs/lca/ccap.html 20031125 The National Marine Sanctuary Program (NMSP) is currently updating and revising the management plans for each of its 13 sanctuaries. This process, which is open to the public, enables each site to revisit the reasons for sanctuary designation and assess whether they are meeting their goals, as well as to set new goals consistent with the mandates of the National Marine Sanctuaries Act. Issues raised by the public during this process are evaluated and a determination is made as to whether they will be incorporated into the updated plan. Many of these issues focus on topics such as the implementation of marine zoning or sanctuary boundary adjustments, both of which require information on the distribution of resources within and around the sanctuary. Recognizing this, NMSP and NOAA’s National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) formalized an agreement to collaborate in the revision process by developing such information through a series of biogeographic assessments conducted in selected sanctuaries. The resulting products are then supplied to sanctuary managers and staff for use in the policy and decision making process. This collaborative effort began along the west coast of the U.S. with the Cordell Bank, Gulf of Farallones, and Monterey Bay national marine sanctuaries, and is herein centered on the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary (CINMS). http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/ecosystems/sanctuaries/chanisl_nms.html 20060120 The National Marine Sanctuary Program (NMSP) is currently updating and revising the management plans for each of its 13 sanctuaries. This process, which is open to the public, enables each site to revisit the reasons for sanctuary designation and assess whether they are meeting their goals, as well as to set new goals consistent with the mandates of the National Marine Sanctuaries Act. Issues raised by the public during this process are evaluated and a determination is made as to whether they will be incorporated into the updated plan. Many of these issues focus on topics such as the implementation of marine zoning or sanctuary boundary adjustments, both of which require information on the distribution of resources within and around the sanctuary. Recognizing this, NMSP and NOAA’s National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) formalized an agreement to collaborate in the revision process by developing such information through a series of biogeographic assessments conducted in selected sanctuaries. The resulting products are then supplied to sanctuary managers and staff for use in the policy and decision making process. This collaborative effort began along the west coast of the U.S. with the Cordell Bank, Gulf of Farallones, and Monterey Bay national marine sanctuaries, and is herein centered on the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary (CINMS). http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/ecosystems/sanctuaries/chanisl_nms.html 20060120 The National Marine Sanctuary Program (NMSP) is currently updating and revising the management plans for each of its 13 sanctuaries. This process, which is open to the public, enables each site to revisit the reasons for sanctuary designation and assess whether they are meeting their goals, as well as to set new goals consistent with the mandates of the National Marine Sanctuaries Act. Issues raised by the public during this process are evaluated and a determination is made as to whether they will be incorporated into the updated plan. Many of these issues focus on topics such as the implementation of marine zoning or sanctuary boundary adjustments, both of which require information on the distribution of resources within and around the sanctuary. Recognizing this, NMSP and NOAA’s National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) formalized an agreement to collaborate in the revision process by developing such information through a series of biogeographic assessments conducted in selected sanctuaries. The resulting products are then supplied to sanctuary managers and staff for use in the policy and decision making process. This collaborative effort began along the west coast of the U.S. with the Cordell Bank, Gulf of Farallones, and Monterey Bay national marine sanctuaries, and is herein centered on the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary (CINMS). http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/ecosystems/sanctuaries/chanisl_nms.html 20060120 Meteorological monitoring is conducted at 26 National Estuarine Research Reserves (NERR) from at least one location within or adjacent to the reserve. Data are collected every 5 seconds and averages are produced from this data at quarterly (15 minutes), hourly (60 minutes) and daily (1440 minutes) intervals. The parameters collected within these intervals are: averages, maximums and minimums of air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, wind speed, wind direction, precipitation and photosynthetically active solar radiation http://cdmo.baruch.sc.edu/QueryPages/stationmap.cfm?Site_ID=ACE 2006-02-22 15:53:51.173604 Water quality monitoring is conducted at 26 National Estuarine Research Reserves (NERR) at four locations within or adjacent to the reserve. The following